. Auto Car Parking System reduces parking and retrieval time. Saves time spend in searching for empty parking slots and time spend is searching the parked car. Retrieval on average is 2 to 3 minutes. Auto Car Parking System is environment friendly. As the car engines are shut during the automatic parking process there is no pollution. Within a parking lot, shall not be less than 24 feet in width or more than 40 feet in width. The driveway system shall allow for unobstructed emergency access at least 16 feet in width as close as possible to each structure, and shall be clearly marked to prohibit parking or other obstruction of such. Determine parking slot size: You must consider the reason people will be using the parking space when determining the size of each space. For instance, if you're designing the parking for a grocery store, you might need to provide wider spaces for people carrying groceries. Nine by 19 feet is the standard size for public-use parking spaces.

A parking space is a location that is designated for parking, either paved or unpaved. It can be in a parking garage, in a parking lot or on a city street. The space may be delineated by road surface markings. The automobile fits inside the space, either by parallel parking, perpendicular parking or angled parking.

Depending on the location of the parking space, the time allowed to park may be fixed by regulation, and a fee may be required to use the parking space. It may be designated for free parking. When the demand for spaces outstrips supply vehicles may overspill park onto the sidewalk, grass verges and other places which were not designed for the purpose.^[1]

Patterns[edit]

For most motorised vehicles, there are three commonly used arrangements of parking spaces—parallel parking, perpendicular parking, and angle parking. These are self-park configurations where the vehicle driver is able to access the parking independently.

Parallel parking[edit]

With parallel parking of cars, these are arranged in a line, with the front bumper of one car facing the back bumper of an adjacent one. This is done parallel to a curb, when one is provided. Parallel parking is the most common mode of streetside parking for cars. It may also be used in parking lots and parking structures, but usually only to supplement parking spaces that use the other modes.

Perpendicular parking[edit]

With perpendicular parking, also known as bay parking, cars are parked side to side, perpendicular to an aisle, curb, or wall. This type of car parking fits more cars per length of road (or curb) than parallel parking, and is therefore commonly used in car parking lots and car parking structures.

Often, in car parking lots using perpendicular parking, two rows of parking spaces may be arranged front to front, with aisles in between. If no other cars are blocking, a driver may perform a 'pullthrough' by driving through one parking space into the connecting space to avoid having to reverse out of a parking space upon their return.

Parking Slot Measurement System Chart

Sometimes, a single row of perpendicular car parking spaces is marked in the center of a street. This arrangement eliminates reversing from the manoeuvre; cars are required to drive in forwards and drive out forwards.

Angle parking/echelon parking[edit]

Angle parking, known as echelon parking in Britain, is similar to perpendicular parking for these vehicles, except that cars are arranged at an angle to the aisle (an acute angle with the direction of approach). The gentler turn allows easier and quicker parking, narrower aisles, and thus higher density than perpendicular parking. While in theory the aisles are one-way, in practice they are typically wide enough to allow two cars to pass slowly when drivers go down the aisles the wrong way.

Angle parking is very common in car parking lots. It may also be used in streetside car parking in the U.S. when there is more width available for car parking than would be needed for parallel parking of cars, as it creates a larger number of parking spaces. Some cities have utilized angled parking on-street (as compared to off-street parking facilities). This has been done mostly in residential, retail and mixed use areas where additional parking compared to parallel parking is desired and traffic volumes are lower. Most angled parking is design in a head-in configuration while a few cities (Seattle, Portland, Baltimore, and Indianapolis are examples) have some back-in angled parking (typically on hills or low traffic volume streets).

Angle parking is considered dangerous by cycling organisations, especially in the head-in configuration, but unwelcome in either form. When comparing to parallel parking:

1. There is a significant risk to cyclists from vehicles reversing out, as approaching bicycles are in the blind spot of the reversing and turning vehicles.^[2]
2. Longer vehicles project further into the road; this can inconvenience/endanger other road users,
3. The 'surplus' road space which enables angle parking could also be used for bicycle lanes.

Hence organisations such as the Cyclists Touring Club are usually opposed to all proposed echelon parking schemes, though there are some alternatives, such as back-in angle parking (slanted the 'wrong' way, with the driver reversing into the space, rather than reversing out), which can overcome many of the issues of safety.

Other parking methods[edit]

Besides these basic modes of motor vehicle parking, there are instances where a more ad hoc approach to arranging motor vehicles is appropriate. For example, in parts of some large cities, such as Chicago and Bangalore, where land is expensive and therefore parking space is at a premium, there are formal and informal parking lots for motor vehicles where the driver leaves the keys to the vehicle with an attendant who arranges vehicles so as to maximize the number of vehicles that can be parked in the lot. Vehicles may be packed up to five vehicles deep in combinations of perpendicular and/or parallel parking with limited circulation aisles for the parking attendant. Such arrangements are known as attendant parking. When the lot or facility is provided to serve the customers of a business, it is considered valet parking.

Parking Slot Measurement System Conversions

Inner city parking lots are often temporary, the operators renting land which is vacant pending the construction of a new office building. Some inner city lots are equipped with individual lifts, allowing cars to be stored above each other.

Another ad hoc arrangement is tandem parking. This is sometimes done with residential motor vehicle parking where two motor vehicles park nose-to-end in tandem. The first motor vehicle does not have independent access, and the second motor vehicle must move to provide access. As with attendant parking, the purpose is to maximize the number of motor vehicles that can park in a limited space. Formalised tandem parking will sometimes be sanctioned by local planning authorities for staff parking arrangements require additional parking in limited spaces.

Marks and space size[edit]

In parking lots (car parks in British English), parking is allowed only where marked.^[3]

In the US, minimum width standards of parking spaces usually range from 8.5 to 9.0 feet (2.6–2.7 m). Angled and perpendicular spaces may need to be wide to allow doors to open, while parallel parking spots may be narrower on low-traffic neighborhood streets.

Because the boundary between parking space and driving area is not always well-defined, the length of a parking space is more difficult to establish. However, most angled and perpendicular spaces are considered to be between 10 and 18 feet (3.0–5.5 m) in length. In the United States, due to vehicles being larger on average than some other countries^{[citation needed]}, a parking space 10 feet (3.0 m) deep is uncommon and most parking spaces will be within 16 to 20 feet (4.9–6.1 m), with 19 feet (5.8 m) feet deep being the standard DOT recommended depth for standard perpendicular parking^{[citation needed]}. Parallel parking spaces typically range from 20 to 24 feet (6.1–7.3 m) long.

During construction, the specific dimensions of a parking space are decided by a variety of factors. A high cost of land will encourage smaller dimensions and the introduction of compact spaces.^[4] Many garages and parking lots have spaces designated for a Compact car only. These spaces are narrower than traditional spaces, thus allowing more cars to park.^[5]

According to French standard 'Norme NF P 91-100', minimum width of parking spaces range from 2.20 to 2.30 metres (7.2–7.5 ft) (See fr:Marquage du stationnement en France). Narrow parking spaces such as in Vevey, Switzerland, might make opening the door difficult in a larger vehicle.

Larger cars are an issue when the size of the bay is fixed. Automobile associations warn of this issue.^[6] A Swiss Association regulating parking space wants to consider this issue for 2016. ^{[needs update]}

In the United Kingdom, the recommended standard parallel bay size is 2.4 metres (7.9 ft) wide by 4.8 metres (16 ft) long. Recently there has been some controversy about most UK parking spaces being too small to fit modern cars, which have grown significantly since standards were set decades ago.^[7]

In Australia, the dimensions are defined in AS2890 and are 2.4 m wide by 5.4 m long.^[8]

Barriers[edit]

Parking spaces commonly contain a parking chock (wheel stop), which is used to prevent cars from pulling too far into the space and

• obstructing a neighboring parking space, curb, or sidewalk.
• contacting with and then damaging a building wall.

This barrier is usually made of concrete and will normally be a horizontal bar to stop the tires from moving forward or a vertical bar that may cause damage to the vehicle if contact is made. In a parking garage, the barrier will often be a concrete wall.

Parking spaces for the disabled[edit]

Some parking spaces are reserved as handicapped parking, for individuals with disabilities. Handicapped parking spaces are typically marked with the International Symbol of Access, though in practice, the design of the symbol varies widely.^[9]

In the United States the Access Board provides guidelines on parking spaces.^[10][11]

Women's parking spaces[edit]

Parking Slot Measurement System Calculator

In some countries, women's parking spaces have been established in more visible spots to reduce the chance of sexual attacks,^[12] facilitate parking for women, or to provide spaces that are closer to shopping centers or employment.^[13][14]

US curb markings[edit]

Curb markings in the United States are prescribed by the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD).^[15] Local highway agencies may prescribe special colors for curb markings to supplement standard signs for parking regulation. California has designated an array of colors for curb regulations. A white curb designates passenger pick up or drop off. The green curb is for time limited parking. The yellow curb is for loading, and the blue curb is for disabled persons with proper vehicle identification. The red curb is for emergency vehicles only - fire lanes (no stopping, standing, or parking). In Oregon and Florida, the yellow curb is utilized to indicate no parking. In Georgia either red or yellow can be used to indicate no parking. In Seattle, Washington, alternating red and yellow curb markings indicate a bus stop.

See also[edit]

• Parking chair (for snowstorms)

References[edit]

1. ^'Possible kerb-space management solutions'. Dartford Borough Council. Archived from the original on 2012-02-21. Retrieved 2009-07-25.
2. ^UK Department of Transport Cycle Infrastructure Design
3. ^'Parking spaces'. Homes for Students - HOAS. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
4. ^A Comprehensive Menu of Solutions to Parking Problems Victoria Transport Policy Institute
5. ^'Houston Parking Lot Line Striping, Parking Lot Maintenance'. Archived from the original on 2013-11-05.
6. ^Pierren, Sophie (2012-09-09). 'Places de parc trop petites pour grosses voitures'. 20 Minutes (in French). Retrieved 2012-09-15.
7. ^'UK parking bays too small'. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02.
8. ^'AS_NZS 2890: Parking Facilities Set'. SAI Global. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
9. ^www.youcantparkhere.com A gallery of handicapped parking symbols.
10. ^'ADAAG - United States Access Board'.
11. ^Revised Draft Guidelines for Accessible Public Right-of-Way and ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities (ADAAG)Archived 2011-05-14 at the Wayback Machine
12. ^FAQ of the German Federal Anti-Discrimination Agency (archived)
13. ^Will High-Heel-Friendly Streets Keep Seoul's Women Happy?, Time, 2009
14. ^Le Monde (fr) article about women's parking spaces in China
15. ^Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices, FHWA, 2009, Section 3B-23.

External links[edit]

In-ground sensors

Smart Parking’s unassuming yet highly innovative in-ground sensors monitor individual parking spaces and relay occupancy status to our SmartSpot gateways, which in turn send this live status information to the SmartCloud platform, allowing real-time parking information to be viewed on multiple devices.

We ensure that each sensor meets our rigorous functional requirements before installation, meaning they can operate under a wide range of operational environments with high accuracy, and we can tailor sensor behaviour to individual parking space requirements.

All of Smart Parking’s systems are based around a modular approach so we’re able to offer bay monitoring, car counting systems, fixed and mobile automatic number plate recognition (ANPR), guidance signage and more to a wide range of large-scale sites.

Surface mount sensors

Smart Parking also offers the option of surface-mount sensors for exposed sites – such as thin surfaces covering cabling and services, membranes, roof tops and wharfs – where core drilling into the ground may not be an option. These sensors work exactly like their in-ground counterparts, and can also be fitted with a fluro collar for better visibility in areas where there is higher foot traffic.